In this paper, a multi-Commodity planning problem with fixed-cost that is a special type of fixed charge transportation problem is developed. The proposed model determines the amount of products in the existing routes with the aim of minimizing the total cost to satisfy the demand of each customer. As the problem is NP-hard, a moderate sized instance of this problem becomes intractable for general-purpose solvers. In order to overcome this difficulty, a Lagrangian relaxation approach is proposed. The computational experiments show that the Lagrangian relaxation algorithm is able to solve large sized problems with optimality gap compared to general-purpose solvers.

In this paper, a new method is proposed for trip Distribution forecasting in multi-Commodity transportation networks. In this new approach, real trip Distributions at present are modeled by approximation functions for each Commodity. In large-scale multi-Commodity transportation networks, these functions could be obtained by parts of network as training data, without losing generality of the algorithm. Of course, it will have an influence on the approximation. Then, a fuzzy model for trip Distribution forecasting calibrates these functions. This model considers all adjustments simultaneously. In order to show the application of the new method, a numerical example is given and solved.      

One of the obvious reasons for most disorders in network service provisioning is network path congestion. Congestion avoidance in today's networks is too costly and sometimes impossible. With the introduction of SDN, centralizing the equipment's control plane has become possible. This paper presents an enhanced method named ESV-DBRA to avoid congestion in multi-tenant SDN networks. At first, ESV-DBRA monitors the traffic load and delay of all network paths for each tenant individually. Then, by merging the parameters obtained from the monitoring, the Service Level Agreements (SLA), and a novel proposed cost function, it calculates the cost of the network paths per tenant. As a result, traffic for each tenant is routed through the path/paths at the lowest possible cost from the tenant's perspective. Next, the bandwidth quotas will be calculated and assigned to the tenants over their optimal routes. Afterward, whenever congestion is likely to occur in a path, ESV-DBRA automatically changes the route or bandwidth of the tenants' traffic related to this path to avoid congestion. Related algorithms are also proposed.Eventually, simulations show that the proposed method effectively increases bandwidth utilization by 10.76%.

Price risk management is one of the most important subjects for economists. In this respect, hedging is one way of adjusting and declining risk. Generally, in all the world, price of agricultural products has maney fluctuations. This is so because of the nature of its demand and supply. Therefore The price fluctuation is one of the most important reasons for establishing futures markets.To establish Commodity exchange, first of all, we need to know how it works, what are its characteristics, instruments and institutions, What are the operational, survaliances and legal framework of the Commodity exchange. In this paper, we introduce Commodity exchange and its characteristics .Then the instruments such as futures and forward contracts and options will be introduced. Legal, institutional & surveliance framework of the Commodity exchange will be studied. Then, we introduce the entrance indices of commodities to the exchange .In the last section, we investigate the consequences of establishing Commodity exchange in Iran.